This is an ultrasound image of an ovary containing many fluid-filled sacs called follicles. The presence of many follicles can be indicative of the patient having PCOS.
What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects roughly 10% of women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent menstrual periods (anovulation) and may exhibit an increase in male hormone (androgen) levels resulting in excessive hair growth. Women with PCOS can demonstrate numerous small sacs of fluid in their ovaries (ovarian cysts) on ultrasound examinations due to the failure of releasing eggs regularly. PCOS is frequently correlated with infertility in women.
Symptoms:
- Irregular Ovulation/Menstrual Cycles: Women with PCOS typically have fewer periods, heavier periods or no periods at all as compared to women without PCOS. Irregular menstrual cycles is the most common symptom of PCOS as women with PCOS do not ovulate on a regular monthly schedule.
- Excessive Body Hair (Hirsutism): Hirsutism is the excessive growth of dark facial or body hair on women. Hirsutism may appear on the chest, arms, legs, face, chest, back or abdomen.
- Weight Gain: Women with PCOS may have higher levels of male hormones and demonstrate less sensitivity to insulin, commonly referred to as being "insulin-resistant." Many women with PCOS may be overweight or obese. Increased body weight with PCOS is correlated with insulin resistance which makes it difficult for their body to use the hormone insulin. Insulin normally helps convert starches and sugars from the foods we eat into energy.
- Thinning Head Hair: Thinning hair due to the effects of male hormones (androgens) is called androgenic alopecia and can be seen in women with PCOS.
- Acne: Excessive androgen production can increase sebum production resulting in acne in PCOS women.
Do You Have PCOS?
If you are concerned that you have PCOS and are having difficulty with trying to become pregnant, it may be time to have an evaluation with a fertility specialist. While there is no one test to definitively diagnose PCOS, a fertility specialist is likely to evaluate your medical history, including your menstrual cycles and weight fluctuations. A physical exam will include checking for signs of acne, excess hair growth and insulin resistance. In addition, your doctor will likely perform a transvaginal ultrasound to inspect the ovaries and the thickness of the uterine lining and/or blood work to measure hormone levels and other potential markers.
Your first step to help figure out why you may be having challenges becoming pregnant is to schedule a New Patient Appointment here.
